23 Sep Fractured Teeth in Dogs: Symptoms, Treatment, & Prevention with Safe Chew Habits
Dogs, like humans, rely on their teeth for a variety of important activities, from eating to playing and defending themselves. However, due to the nature of their lifestyle and behavior, dogs can sometimes suffer from dental injuries, with fractured teeth being a common issue. A tooth fracture can be painful, lead to infections, and affect your dog’s overall well-being. Understanding the causes, symptoms, treatment options, and preventive measures, including safe chew habits, is essential to maintain your dog’s dental health.
What Causes Tooth Fractures in Dogs?
The most common cause of tooth fractures in dogs is chewing on inappropriate objects. Dogs often chew on bones, rocks, sticks, hard toys, or even household items like furniture, which can lead to broken teeth. Accidents such as falls, trauma to the mouth, or being hit by an object can also cause fractures. Dogs that chew on cages or kennels also frequently injure their teeth. However, chewing on hard items remains the primary culprit.
The structure of a dog’s tooth makes it susceptible to fractures. Teeth have a hard outer enamel layer and a softer inner dentin layer that protects the sensitive pulp, which contains blood vessels and nerves. When a fracture extends deep into the tooth, it can expose the pulp, leading to pain, infection, and potentially the loss of the tooth.
What Are the Symptoms of Fractured Teeth in Dogs?
Recognizing the signs of a fractured tooth is crucial for timely treatment. While some dogs may display obvious signs of pain, others might hide their discomfort, so pet owners should be vigilant. Here are the common symptoms:
- Reluctance to Eat or Chew: A dog with a fractured tooth may hesitate to eat hard food or chew on toys, as it causes discomfort. You may notice them favoring one side of their mouth when chewing.
- Drooling: Excessive drooling, especially when it’s accompanied by traces of blood, could indicate a dental injury.
- Swelling or Pawing at the Face: Swelling around the face or jaw can be a sign of a tooth fracture. Dogs may also paw at their mouth or face in an attempt to alleviate pain.
- Bad Breath: If the fracture exposes the pulp, it can lead to an infection, resulting in bad breath (halitosis).
- Bleeding from the Mouth: If you notice blood on your dog’s toys or in their saliva, this could indicate a fractured tooth or other oral injury.
- Change in Behavior: A fractured tooth can cause behavioral changes in your dog, such as irritability, depression, or reduced interest in playing with chew toys.
Types of Dog Tooth Fractures
There are different types of tooth fractures in dogs, varying in severity:
- Uncomplicated Crown Fracture: This type involves a break in the outer enamel or dentin layer but does not expose the pulp. It may not cause immediate pain, but it can lead to sensitivity and discomfort over time.
- Complicated Crown Fracture: This is a more severe fracture where the pulp is exposed. It is painful and requires immediate treatment to prevent infection and further complications.
- Root Fracture: A fracture that extends below the gum line and into the root is particularly serious. It can lead to tooth instability and is often difficult to detect without dental radiographs.
- Fractured Canine Teeth: Canine teeth are particularly prone to fractures because of their length and use. Since they play a significant role in a dog’s ability to grasp and hold objects, a fractured canine tooth can significantly affect their quality of life.
Treatment Options for Your Dog’s Fractured Teeth
Treatment for a fractured tooth depends on the severity and type of fracture. Here are the main treatment options available:
- Dental Examination and X-rays: The first step in diagnosing a fractured tooth is a thorough dental examination by a veterinarian, often followed by dental X-rays (radiographs) and a CT scan to assess the extent of the fracture and check for infection or damage to the tooth root.
- Extraction: For severe fractures, especially those with exposed pulp or root damage, tooth extraction may be necessary. This procedure removes the damaged tooth and alleviates the pain and risk of infection. It is performed under anesthesia, and most dogs recover well after the procedure.
- Root Canal Therapy: In cases where the fracture exposes the pulp but the tooth can be saved, a root canal may be performed. This procedure involves removing the damaged or infected pulp, cleaning the inside of the tooth, and sealing it to prevent further infection. Root canals preserve the structure and function of the tooth.
- Crown Placement: After a root canal, some teeth, particularly canines, may benefit from a crown. Crowns provide additional strength and protection to the repaired tooth, reducing the risk of future fractures.
- Antibiotics and Pain Management: If there’s an infection present, your veterinarian may prescribe antibiotics. Pain relief medications are also typically provided to manage discomfort during the recovery process.
Prevention: Safe Chewing Habits and Dental Care
Prevention is always better than treatment when it comes to fractured teeth. By encouraging safe chewing habits and maintaining regular dental care, you can significantly reduce the risk of dental injuries in your dog. Here are some key strategies to consider:
- Choose Safe Chew Toys: Not all chew toys are safe for your dog’s teeth. Avoid giving them bones, antlers, hooves, or any other hard objects that could lead to fractures. Instead, choose softer chew toys specifically designed to be gentle on teeth. Rubber and dental chews that are pliable and have some give are ideal choices.
- Avoid Real Bones: While many dogs enjoy chewing bones, they are a common cause of fractured teeth. Cooked bones are especially dangerous as they become brittle and can splinter, causing not only tooth fractures but also internal injuries.
- Monitor Chewing Behavior: Pay attention to how your dog chews. If they tend to chew aggressively or with excessive force, they may be at a higher risk for fractures. Redirect their chewing behavior to appropriate toys and discourage them from gnawing on hard objects.
- Regular Dental Check-ups: Routine veterinary dental check-ups can catch potential dental issues before they become severe. Your veterinarian can assess your dog’s teeth, recommend appropriate dental care, and address any concerns about fractured teeth.
- Tooth Brushing and Dental Hygiene: Regular brushing of your dog’s teeth can help prevent dental diseases that weaken the teeth and make them more prone to fractures. Use a dog-specific toothpaste and brush to keep their teeth clean and healthy.
- Dental Chews and Toys for Oral Health: There are many dental chews and toys designed to promote healthy teeth and gums. These products help remove plaque and tartar while being safe for chewing. Look for products approved by the Veterinary Oral Health Council (VOHC) for optimal benefits.
- Supervised Play: When introducing a new toy or chew, supervise your dog to ensure they are using it correctly and not damaging their teeth. Some dogs may try to break apart toys, leading to injury.
Visit a Dog Dentist in Milwaukee
Fractured teeth in dogs can cause significant pain and discomfort if left untreated. Early detection of symptoms, prompt veterinary intervention, and appropriate treatment options, such as tooth extraction or root canal therapy, can help restore your dog’s oral health. Prevention, however, remains the most effective way to protect your dog from tooth fractures. By choosing safe chew toys, avoiding hard objects like bones, and maintaining regular dental care, you can help your dog maintain a healthy and strong set of teeth for years to come. If your dog is due for a checkup or showing signs of a fractured tooth, schedule an appointment with Veterinary Dental Specialists of Wisconsin today.
Images used under creative commons license – commercial use (9/23/2024). Photo by Ayla Verschueren on Unsplash